[lang_en]Air conditioning efficiency at the CIX data centre[/lang_en][lang_fr]Efficacité de la climatisation au sein du CIX[/lang_fr]

[lang_en]Objective

A key objective in the design of the CIX data centre is to build the most energy efficient data centre possible. This paper discusses the design elements implemented to maximise the efficiency of the air conditioning system at the CIX data centre.

The Uptime Institute published the following psychometric chart to show the optimum requirements for temperature and humidity in a data centre. Click on the chart to view full size.[/lang_en]
[lang_fr]Objectif

Un objectif clé dans la conception du centre de traitement des données (data centre) CIX est de bâtir le centre ayant un rendement, en terme d’énergie, le plus efficace possible. Cet article parle des éléments de conception mis en application pour maximiser l’efficacité du dispositif de climatisation au sein du CIX.

L’institut Uptime a publié le diagramme psychométrique suivant pour montrer les conditions optimales de la température et d’humidité dans un data centre. Cliquez sur la miniature du diagramme pour agrandir.[/lang_fr]

temperature-humidity.png

[lang_en]From the above chart we see that the optimum server inlet temperature is 72°F (21°C) and the optimum relative humidity is 47%. These are the objectives of a computer room air conditioning system.[/lang_en]
[lang_fr]À partir du diagramme ci-dessus, nous voyons que la température optimale pour un serveur est de 72° F (21° C) et que l’humidité optimale correspondante est de 47%. Ce sont les objectifs d’un dispositif de climatisation d’une salle d’ordinateurs.[/lang_fr]

[lang_en]Computer Room Air Con Systems

A computer room air conditioning system can be analysed using the following diagram (again click to zoom to the full image):[/lang_en]
[lang_fr]Dispositif de climatisation d’une salle d’ordinateurs

Un dispositif de climatisation d’une salle d’ordinateurs peut être analysé en utilisant le diagramme suivant (cliquez pour voir l’image dans sa taille réelle) :[/lang_fr]

aircon-layout.png

[lang_en]Energy efficiencies are achieved by reducing electrical consumption via the three power inputs in the above diagram. For each of these inputs a list of strategies to reduce power consumption is listed below.

  1. Reduce chiller electrical power consumption by making the refrigeration process in the chiller more efficient.
    1. Utilise free cooling.
    2. Maximise chilled water temperature to increase refrigerator efficiency.
  2. Reduce humidification power consumption by reducing the need for humidification.
    1. Maximise chilled water temperature to minimise condensate in the CRAH.
  3. Reducing electrical power consumption in the CRAH.
    1. Maximise warm return air temperature by reducing/eliminating air mixing.
    2. Utilise low resistance air paths (e.g. high ceilings and floor cavities).
    3. Minimise or eliminate water mixing in the CRAH.
    4. Minimise or eliminate water mixing in double regulation valves (DRV).
    5. Use direct drive fans to eliminate belt drive losses.

[/lang_en]
[lang_fr]Des économies d’énergie sont réalisées en réduisant la consommation électrique par l’intermédiaire des trois facteurs énergétiques en présence dans le diagramme ci-dessus. Pour chacun de ces facteurs, une liste de stratégies pour réduire la consommation d’énergie est énumérée ci-dessous.

  1. Réduire la consommation électrique du réfrigérateur en rendant le procédé de réfrigération dans le réfrigérateur plus efficace.
    1. Utiliser le refroidissement naturel (température de la pièce).
    2. Maximiser la température de l’eau froide pour augmenter l’efficacité du réfrigérateur.
  2. Réduire la consommation d’énergie d’humidification en réduisant le besoin d’humidification.
    1. Maximiser la température de l’eau froide pour réduire au minimum la condensation dans l’équipement d’air conditionné (CRAH).
  3. Réduire la consommation électrique dans le CRAH.
    1. Maximiser la température de l’air de retour par la réduction/élimination du mélange d’air.
    2. Utiliser des conduits d’air à faible résistance (par exemple : de hauts plafonds et des cavités sous le plancher).
    3. Minimiser ou éliminer le mélange d’eau dans le CRAH.
    4. Minimiser ou éliminer le mélange d’eau dans les valves à double régulation (DRV).
    5. Utiliser des ventilateurs basés sur un arbre d’entraînement direct pour éliminer les pertes dues aux courroies.

[/lang_fr]

[lang_en]CIX Data Centre Design

If we combine the above strategies for power reduction we get the following concise list of action items.

  1. Utilise free cooling.
  2. Maximise chilled water temperature.
  3. Eliminate water mixing.
  4. Eliminate air mixing.
  5. Utilise low resistance slow speed air paths.
  6. Minimise humidification.

CIX has a strategy for each of these six action items.[/lang_en]
[lang_fr]Conception du CIX

Si nous combinons les stratégies énumérées ci-dessus pour la réduction de consommation d’énergie, nous obtenons la liste suivante des actions à entreprendre.

  1. Utiliser le refroidissement naturel.
  2. Maximiser la température de l’eau froide.
  3. Éliminer le mélange d’eau.
  4. Éliminer le mélange d’air.
  5. Utiliser des conduits d’air à faible résistance.
  6. Minimiser l’humidification.

CIX possède une stratégie pour chacune des six actions à mener.[/lang_fr]

[lang_en]1. Utilise free cooling

Average outdoor temperatures in Cork are approximately 11°C. The optimum inlet temperature for a server is 21°C. This means that the average delta between the outside and inside temperature in a data centre is 10°C. If the warm return water from the CRAH has a higher temperature than the outside ambient then there is an opportunity to use an air vented coil to lose some of that heat. This is called ‘free cooling’ because no refrigeration cycle is required.

Free cooling does not get as much attention as it should for two reasons:

  1. In data centres located in the US the average temperatures are significantly higher than in Ireland. Therefore, the opportunity for free cooling in US data centres is significantly less than in Ireland.
  2. Most chillers in use in the world are used in warm climates or are used only during high temperature seasons of the year. When the season is cold, chillers are not required and therefore most chiller manufacturers do not manufacture models with a free cooling coil attached. Data centres are different from office or home buildings because they need air conditioning all year round. Therefore data centres benefit disproportionately from free cooling over most air conditioning applications.

In CIX we limited selection of chillers to free cooling models only.[/lang_en]
[lang_fr]1. Utiliser le refroidissement naturel

La température extérieure moyenne, à Cork, est approximativement de 11° C. La température optimale d’utilisation d’un serveur est de 21° C. Cela signifie que le delta moyen entre les températures extérieure et intérieure au sein du data centre est de 10° C. Si l’eau chaude en retour du CRAH a une température plus élevée que celle extérieure ambiante, alors on a la possibilité d’utiliser un circuit en forme de bobine et rejetant de l’air pour perdre une partie de la chaleur. Ce phénomène est appelé « refroidissement naturel » car aucun cycle de réfrigération n’est exigé.

Généralement, on ne s’intéresse pas assez au refroidissement naturel pour deux raisons :

  1. Dans les data centres situés aux États-Unis, les températures moyennes sont, de manière significative, plus élevées qu’en Irlande. Par conséquent, la possibilité de refroidissement naturel au sein de leurs data centres est moindre qu’en Irlande.
  2. La plupart des réfrigérateurs en service dans le monde sont utilisés dans des pays aux climats chauds ou sont seulement utilisés pendant les périodes de fortes températures de l’année. Quand les températures sont fraîches, les réfrigérateurs ne sont plus nécessaires et la plupart des fabricants de réfrigérateur ne produisent pas de modèles munis d’un système de refroidissement naturel. Les data centres sont différents d’un bureau ou d’une maison parce qu’ils ont besoin d’air conditionné toute l’année. Ainsi, les data centres tirent meilleur profit, d’une façon disproportionnée, du refroidissement libre contrairement à la plupart des demandes de climatisation.

Au sein du CIX, nous nous sommes limités aux réfrigérateurs utilisant le refroidissement naturel seulement.[/lang_fr]

[lang_en]2. Maximise chilled water temperature

If you maximise the temperature of the warm return water you maximise the opportunity for free cooling and you improve the efficiency of the refrigeration process. We were very surprised and somewhat shocked to find that almost all chillers used in data centres are setup with fixed chilled water temperature settings. There are two problems with this.
Since the set point is fixed it must be low enough to cope with the maximum cooling capacity. This reduces (or eliminates) the possibility of free cooling.

In CIX we have implemented a chiller control system that maximises the chiller set point.[/lang_en]
[lang_fr]2. Maximiser la température de l’eau froide

Si l’on maximise la température de l’eau chaude de retour, on maximise les occasions d’employer le refroidissement naturel et on améliore l’efficacité du processus de réfrigération. Nous avons été très étonnés voire quelque peu choqués de constater que presque tous les réfrigérateurs utilisés dans les data centres centres sont configurés avec une température d’eau froide fixée. Il y a deux problèmes à cela.
Si le point de fonctionnement est figé, il doit être assez bas pour faire face à la capacité maximale de refroidissement. Cela réduit (ou élimine) la possibilité de refroidissement naturel.

Au CIX, nous avons mis en œuvre un système de contrôle de refroidissement maximisant le point de fonctionnement de ce dernier.[/lang_fr]

[lang_en]3. Eliminate water mixing

Because most chillers have a fixed set point, CRAHs are receiving overly cold water. They deal with this by using a mixing valve that deliberately mixes chilled and warm water. When we first heard this we couldn’t believe the deliberate waste. In the absence of free cooling this has a secondary effect on efficiency. In the presence of free cooling this is like burning money. We failed to find a vendor that allowed chiller control by the mixing valve setting in the CRAHs and we had to develop the solution in house.

In CIX the implementation of a chiller control system virtually eliminates mixing.[/lang_en]
[lang_fr]3. Éliminer le mélange d’eau

Parce que la plupart des réfrigérateurs ont un point de fonctionnement figé, les CRAH reçoivent un excédent d’eau froide. Ils traitent cela en utilisant une valve mélangeant délibérément eau refroidie et eau chaude. Quand nous avons pris connaissance de cela, nous ne pouvions pas croire à de tels gaspillages délibérés. En l’absence de refroidissement naturel, cela a un effet secondaire sur l’efficacité. En présence de refroidissement naturel, cela revient à jeter l’argent par les fenetres. Nous n’avons pas trouvé de fabriquant offrant des possibilités de contrôle de valve de mélange sur le réfrigérateur, et nous avons du développé une solution maison.

Au CIX, la mise en œuvre d’un système de contrôle de refroidissement élimine, au moins de manière virtuelle, le mélange d’eau.[/lang_fr]

[lang_en]4. Eliminate air mixing

Mixing hot and cold air in data centres is a key energy waste source. Every advice article on data centre layout warns of the needs to separate the hot and cold air flows. The following diagram, from Liebert, explains how most contemporary data centres separate air flows in order to supply cold air to the front of servers to return hot air to the air handling unit.[/lang_en]
[lang_fr]4. Éliminer le mélange d’air

Le mélange d’air chaud et froid dans les data centres est une source clé de perte d’énergie. Chaque article de presse proposant des conseils sur les meilleures façons de mettre au point un data centre avertit sur le besoin de séparer les flux d’air chauds et froids. Le graphique suivant, issu de Liebert, explique comment la plupart des data centres d’aujourd’hui séparent les flux d’airs afin de fournir de l’air froid aux serveurs et de récupérer l’air chaud en l’acheminant vers l’unité de traitement appropriée (CRAH).[/lang_fr]

containment.png

[lang_en]In CIX we have implemented a system similar to hot aisle / cold aisle separation with one important addition. We have placed a polycarbonate roof on the cold aisles and put doors at the end of the aisles. This approach results in closely controlled cold aisle temperatures and it maximises the return air temperature to the CRAHs. This method of air distribution is referred to as cold aisle containment.

One side effect of a cold aisle containment configuration is that the ambient temperature in the data centre rises to around 30°C. Since outside temperatures in Cork are always less that 30°C, the fabric of the building acts as a free cooling heat exchanger to reduce the chiller requirements. Also, the high ambient temperature means that the CRAHs operate very efficiently and the return water temperature to the chiller is elevated which improves the possibility of free cooling at the chiller.[/lang_en]
[lang_fr]Au CIX nous avons mis en œuvre un système semblable aux séparations couloir d’air chaud/couloir d’air froid avec un complément important. Nous avons placé un toit composé de polycarbonate sur les allées froides et mis des portes à la fin des allées. Cette approche aboutit à un contrôle précis de la température des allées froides et maximise la température de l’air de retour aux CRAH. Cette méthode de distribution d’air est associée au confinement des allées froides.

Un effet de bord du choix du confinement des allées froides est que la température ambiante au sein du data centre atteigne les 30° C. Par ailleurs, la température extérieure à Cork étant toujours inférieure à 30° C, la composition du bâtiment agit comme un échangeur thermique de refroidissement naturel pour réduire les besoins en terme de réfrigération. Aussi, la température ambiante élevée signifie que les CRAH fonctionne très efficacement et la température d’eau de retour au réfrigérateur est élevée, améliorant la possibilité de refroidissement naturel.[/lang_fr]

[lang_en]5. Utilise low resistance slow speed air paths

Running fans to force air circulation consumes energy. Using large unobstructed under-floor cavities and large overhead spaces for return air flows reduces the cost of such circulation.

In CIX we have an 800mm under-floor cavity and over rack space of more than 1m to reduce air flow resistance. We are also using thyristor controlled direct drive fans to reduce belt resistance losses.[/lang_en]
[lang_fr]5. Utiliser des conduits d’air à faible résistance

Faire tourner des ventilateurs pour forcer la circulation d’air consomme de l’énergie. L’utilisation de grandes cavités, sous le plancher, dégagées et de grands espaces aériens au dessus pour les retours de flux d’air réduisent le coût d’une telle circulation.

Au CIX nous avons une cavité sous le plancher de 800mm et l’espace disponible dans les baies est de plus d’un mètre pour réduire la résistance des flux d’air. Nous utilisons également des ventilateurs directement contrôlés par des thyristors pour réduire les pertes dues aux courroies.[/lang_fr]

[lang_en]6. Minimise humidification

Data centres are not ventilated externally for a number of reasons:

  1. To prevent dust ingress.
  2. To facilitate fire suppression systems.
  3. To stabilise humidity.

Humidity needs to be controlled because if it is too low the possibility of damage to electronic circuits from static discharge exists. If it is too high then corrosion becomes a possibility.

Since there is little change of air in the data centre, the amount of moisture in the data centre air should remain relatively constant. However the low temperature in computer room CRAHs results in condensation which has the effect of reducing the relative humidity. In order to re-establish adequate humidity moisture needs to be added to the data centre. This is done by boiling water and letting the steam mix with the air. This is doubly wasteful because it takes energy to boil the water and further energy to extract this introduced heat from the data centre.

Surprisingly, air humidification is a bigger problem in data centres during the winter than during the summer. In absolute terms, warm air contains more moisture than cold air.

In CIX, by dynamically controlling the chiller set point we reduce the amount of condensation in the CRAH to a minimum. This reduces the need for re-humidification and therefore saves energy.[/lang_en]
[lang_fr]6. Minimiser l’humidification

Les data centres ne sont pas ventilés de manière externe pour plusieurs raisons :

  1. Empêcher l’entrée de poussière.
  2. Faciliter la tâche des systèmes d’extinction d’incendie.
  3. Stabiliser d’humidité.

L’humidité doit être contrôlée parce que si elle est trop faible, les risques de dégâts envers les circuits électroniques via des décharges d’électricité statique existent. Au contraire, si elle est trop importante alors la corrosion devient une inquiétude.

Puisqu’il y a peu de changement d’air dans le data centre, la quantité d’humidité dans l’air devrait rester relativement constante. Cependant, la faible température au sein des CRAH provoque de la condensation ayant pour effet de réduire l’humidité relative. Afin de rétablir un tau d’humidité adéquate, de l‘humidité doit ajouté au data centre. Cela est fait par de l’eau bouillante, en laissant la vapeur se mélanger avec l’air. Ceci est doublement gaspilleur car cela nécessite de l’énergie pour faire bouillir l’eau et, encore, de l’énergie pour extraire la chaleur introduite du data centre.

Étonnamment, l’humidification de l’air est un plus grand problème dans les data centres l’hiver que l’été. En effet, l’air chaud contient plus d’humidité que l’air froid.

Au CIX, en contrôlant dynamiquement le point de fonctionnement du réfrigérateur, nous réduisons la quantité de condensation dans le CRAH au minimum. Cela réduit le besoin de ré-humidifier et économise donc de l’énergie.[/lang_fr]

[lang_en]Summary

The energy efficiency of the air conditioning system in CIX is achieved by using two innovative techniques.

  1. Cold aisle containment.
  2. Dynamically maximised chiller set-point.

These two techniques yield many energy saving results which are analysed above.[/lang_en]
[lang_fr]Résumé

Le rendement énergétique du système de climatisation au sein du CIX est réalisé en utilisant deux techniques innovatrices.

  1. Confinement des allées froides.
  2. Point de fonctionnement du réfrigérateur dynamiquement choisi.

Au final, ces deux techniques permettent d’obtenir de plus grandes économies d’énergie, qui sont analysés dans cet article.[/lang_fr]

25 Responses to “[lang_en]Air conditioning efficiency at the CIX data centre[/lang_en][lang_fr]Efficacité de la climatisation au sein du CIX[/lang_fr]”

  1. Mark Fontecchio Says:

    This idea of cold-aisle containment is really interesting. I’m wondering if having the roof over the cold aisles and the doors at the end are creating any fire code issues?

    It also seems like you have a pretty spacious raised floor there, too. I’m not sure how dense your data center is, but I wrote a story earlier this year on an IBM study comparing raised-floor cooling to overhead cooling in high-density data centers. Turns out that the raised-floor cooling was better at preventing a mix of hot and cold air. Your cold aisle containment seems to be doing that well on its own, however. Have you done any CFD modeling to see if any of that cold air is escaping the contained cold aisle?

    Thanks,
    Mark

  2. Tom Raftery Says:

    Hey Mark,

    Thanks for the comments, questions and interest.

    We are still at an early stage in our data centre build just yet. This concept is at design phase and not yet an implementation (see this post for the most recent photos of our data centre). We are scheduled to start populating the data centre with customer servers in July of this year.

    We informed the fire officer that the area was an equipment facility with very low human occupancy. The aisle doors are not lockable and exit signs will be clearly visible. We will limit access to the CIX data room floor more than most other data centres do.

    We will encourage our customers to use the hot desking area unless they are actually working on hardware. We have installed an inspection window for visitors. Visitors (non-customers) will never be allowed access to the data floor unless for an important technical or audit reason.

    We did not do a CFD simulation but we extensively simulated the efficiency using a spreadsheet on which we built a model of the room, CRAHs and Chiller.

  3. Stephen McCarron Says:

    Will be interesting to see it in the flesh when working Tom !

    Are you planning to install fire suppression options?

  4. Pat Rice Says:

    Hi Tom
    Good to see the CIX going well, great to see the updates, so are you going using any virtulization here, and if so what type ??

    would help save on energy :)

    Pat

  5. Tom Raftery Says:

    Stephen,

    apologies for the delay, I thought I had answered this the other day!

    We are installing a Nitrogen based fire suppression system. Nitrogen was selected because its larger storage space was not a problem for us and we like the idea of using a gas that already makes up 80% of air.

    Man made fire suppression gases take up less space and therefore require less storage bottles and pipework. However, Nitrogen is a lot cheaper to refill in case we get an accidental discharge. It was a 50/50 economic choice and so we went for the greener option.

    As is normal in data centres, we are using a ‘double knock’ strategy so that a single faulty smoke detector cannot cause a false discharge. Two sensors must report smoke before we dump the fire suppression gas.

    There will be a 30 second warning to allow anyone in the data centre to evacuate. It isn’t dangerous to be in the data centre during a discharge but the noise and airflows caused would be very frightening.

    Also, the reduced levels of oxygen coupled with the surprise of the discharge could affect someone with a medical condition such as a weak heart.

    There will be an over-ride switch in the network operations centre (NOC) and at the main exit from the data room so that if the cause of the alarm is known and is not a real risk, the discharge can be manually averted.

    Cheers,

    Tom

  6. Data Clean - Ireland and UK Says:

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  7. Paul Kelly Says:

    Tom,

    Did you look at any of the in-cab cooling systems and compare them with what you are doing? The idea of cooling the hot air directly as it passes from the machines and recycling it within a contained rack appears on paper to be a more efficient option. Upto 75% more efficient than normal under floor air cooled options. As I said, this is on paper. I haven’t seen any data centres convert to this method nor have I see any that went with it from the get go. The main advantage is that you keep the air types seperate and the hot air never enters your environment and therefore cooling the environment is a much easier task also.

    Food for thought.

    Paul

  8. Tom Raftery Says:

    Paul,

    do you have a link to that paper? I’d be interested to read it because the premise seems highly unlikely.

  9. Stephen McCarron Says:

    In cab cooling is supposed to be the most efficiet but also requires running chilled water to every single cabinet…. scary :)

  10. Tom Raftery Says:

    Guys,

    I’d seriously question whether in-cab cooling is more efficient – do you get the most cooling for the amount of electricity used? That would be my definition of efficient. In that context, point cooling solutions by definition are very inefficient.

    There’s also the water to the cab issue Stephen mentioned.

    And finally, there are redundancy issues around in cab cooling that I’d be worried about.

  11. Mark Fontecchio Says:

    Tom,

    Can you explain to me why you wouldn’t get the most cooling for electricity used with in-cab cooling? Does it require more electricity to power those in-cab cooling devices, and why?

    Thanks!

  12. Jeremy Hartley Says:

    Hi
    Found your project last night as I am reseaching solutions for cooling problems etc.Particularly to existing sites.
    We make racks by the way.
    We have 2 sites where we are fitting cold aisle containment.
    First step close off ends and blank of open rack areas.
    Cover over aisle is stage 2.(great minds think alike)
    Stage 3 is underfloor containment to mirror above floor.
    Stage 4 is in- row supplementing coolers to boost existing cooling.
    Our proposal is retro fittable and also most solutions can be adapted to other makers racks.(One project is on CPI racks)
    We will monitor via our environmet monitoring kit for temp, air flow, power etc before and after. We have a lot more solutions(raised floor plinth is one worth a look) to to aid better install, even an install team.Look at http://www.dataracks.com
    I am happy to talk to you re this or even come over as we have customers that i could see while there.

  13. alec smith Says:

    as an air con/refrigeration installer your paper is extremely interesting!! first off direct cab cooling can be achieved using CO2, not water, also most chiller manufactereurs have the facility to remotely raise or lower the chiller setpoint there by removing the need to use the mixing valve method. Good luck with the project!! any chance of a tour??

  14. Tom Raftery Says:

    @Mark – it is a question of economies of scale. It is far more economical to have one large solution, than lots of smaller point solutions. Also, the energy required for smaller point solutions is higher than for a single large solution.

    Further, there is a lack of redundancy associated with point solutions

    Having said that, we are not ruling out using point solutions in the event that we get hotspots which are not fully addressed by the underfloor, cold aisle containment solution.

    @Alec – absolutely, we’d love to how you around.

  15. Vincent Byrne Says:

    Just a few comments, firstly congratulations Tom you are doing some very interesting work in CIX and best of luck with it. I too would love to see the site especially if work is still progressing.

    We use Data Centre CFD modelling software extensively and would be happy to help model your above and below floor environment gratis. CFD modelling is very useful when optimising existing rooms and also simulating optimum layouts for new rooms.

    With regard to point solutions there are many options on the market, but in our opinion point loads suit high density racks only which tend to be required in only a few racks within a room and are not feasable to adopt throughout the room extensively. It is our experience that high density should be planned at design stage so that allowances can be made for easy implementation in designated areas.

    With regard to CO2 as a suitable coolant medium we are reluctant at the moment to recommend it even for point loads for the following reasons. The main manufacturer of this solution is Trox and although they have reduced their working pressure from 290bar to 50 bar we are sceptical about the weak points in their pipework design. It also is very costly at 3700-4500euro per kw installed.

    The overhead Liebert solution is very good (XDO and XDV) although it involves releasing cold air into the main room and hence the risk of mixing with hot air (This should be negated in your case due to your cold aisle containment). The delivery of air from overhead can be shown to be more efficient that through the floor plenum. (Less recirculation and bypass air loss). The one issue we have with this type of high density solution is its requirement for the XDP unit which interfaces between the Heat Rejection system or existing chilled water system. This adds additional cost and requires the introduction of high pressure refrigerant pipework at high level.(The use of an additional coolant and the associated heat exchange introduces another inefficent step in the process) We are not convinced that this solution is cost effective for situations where a minimum number of scattered high density racks are required. In our opinion this system is suitable in cases where the high density load can be localised and we know that we shall be cooling a minimum number of racks.

    Our preference for rooms with scattered high density load is for water cooled in-rack solutions. Our thinking is as follows.

    Firstly, the rack can be cooled using the existing chilled water system hence we are not so concerned with redundancy.
    Secondly, with regard to water in the data centre, this generally already exists to the CRAH units although only along the perimeter of the room. We recommend that a high density area be located close to the perimeter to limit the ingress of pipework.

    I appreciate the chance to debate these issues and look forward to any feedback.

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  17. New battery technology imminent? | Latest digital news Says:

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  18. Rand Conger Says:

    One of the more interesting things to have come out of the recent ASHRAE 2007 summer meeting was a review of ambient air economizers in data centers. As you state above, the ambient air in most of the continental US is higher than in Ireland, but this disadvantage can be counteracted by using “adiabatic economizers” that use direct-evaporative cooling as well as outside air for cooling. This strategy can eliminate the need for mechanical cooling for all but the hottest hours per year in most US climates, especially if care is taken to control the airflow within the data center itself, so that effective cooling through the racks can be attained with elevated supply air temperatures. This requires hot-aisle and cold aisle configurations with air barriers in the computer room itself, as well as proper blank-offs in the racks.

    The advantages in cooler or drier environments are even greater.

    A study addressing parts of this strategy can be found here.

    The presentations from the 2007 summer meeting in Long Beach, California can be purchased here. The seminar section on Data Center economizers directly discusses this strategy.

  19. Rand Conger Says:

    More information on adiabatic economizers here.

    (Slides from a presentation first given at ASHRAE ‘07, and subsequently at the Puget Sound ASHRAE chapter)

  20. Jeremy Hartley Says:

    Hi Again.
    Since my comments back in May we have had a Cold Aisle containment products added to our range. Low cost, quick to instal and adaptable to most racks and open frames.
    This has followed extensive testing on a live site. Initally 2 hot and 2 cold aisles.
    This now to be extended to the whole room, 18 cold and 15 hot aisles.
    Initial results suggest an efficience improvment of 10%+
    Pay back is predicted within 12 months in power savings alone.
    Better uptime etc will be hard to quantify but I am convinced they are there.
    We followed all best practice advice. Blank panels, close ends and roof over. I struggle to belief how bad some rooms are.
    Products to reduce Bypass air have been deveoped for in rack and in the room.
    Low cost tool less and fixing less blanking panels (50p per 1u for bulk by)have been deveolped as this action has a big effect in some cases.
    We have an option to close to cieling and one test site will do this.
    Some things we will extend next are the effects of balancing cold and hot air. We found we could reduce the number of vented outlets per cold aisle as the contained air was now more available to the servers.
    Some work has been done to contain or direct the hot air return to the CRAC with it seems benificial results.
    Hot air disturbance has had good results as alot of air is stagnent as the server fans do not have enough power to more it.(hot air rises I know but it does not mean it flows effectivley)
    Surprisingly we used some cold air from the plenam underfloor area as we had cut back in the cold asile.
    Time will tell on our bigger full site work.
    Just for interest before you scream about hotter air return is better, this disturbance moved the hot air high into thr the roof space and water temps increased.
    Site surveys are done using thermal imaging and hand held probes.
    Full environment monitioing will be done if the site is more complex in its problems.(hotspots)
    I have gone on long enough now but I am happy to chat further or come and see you (not bothered where in the world but, you may need to help with cost !!)
    Jeremy

  21. Greenmonk Associates : An A/C Case Study: Greening the Cork Internet Exchange Says:

    [...] Rafterty is a bit of a podcasting rock star. This blog provides a really nice in-depth look at the cooling strategies used by the Cork Internet Exchange, [...]

  22. Alan Says:

    Was woundering if you have a metric version of the temp/humidity graph in this posting?

  23. Water-Cooling Means More Chips With Less Heat « Earth2Tech Says:

    [...] Internet Exchange in Ireland has also gained some fame for doing that with its data center. CIX has closed off aisles containing the fronts of servers, which require cooler temperatures and let the hot air from the back warm the room. The rooms also [...]

  24. Deepak Says:

    hi,

    Some work has been done to contain or direct the hot air return to the CRAC with it seems benificial results.The advantages in cooler or drier environments are even greater.This idea of cold-aisle containment is really interesting.

  25. jeremy hartley Says:

    Hi All
    Great stuff CIX.
    We have been banking the drum on Cold Asile Containment for the last 18 months. Our cold asile installs have had very good results.

    Lets hope that the endorsment from the guys at CIX convinces Data Center owners that there are cost effect, easy to implement,energy saving, money saving etc solutions avaiable now!

    No addional power, no water pipes, no redundancy issues.

    Fire suppression is not a problem if you choose the correct product(obviously ours is one of them)

    Come on world wake up to what you have and just use it better!

    I will be over in Ireland soon so may be I will come along and see your results.

    Im off my soap box now.

    Have a good weekend and I am happy to contribute to the debate.

    Jeremy( Dataracks)

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